Target audience
Every narrative aimed at this audience — most recently active first.
The Western world is portrayed as an aggressive “satanic alliance” seeking global dominance through colonisation and moral decay. Russia is presented as the leader of a “holy war” and the protector of oppressed nations against liberal globalism.
Russian state bodies are using the tragic events in Volhynia to draw parallels between historical OUN/UPA figures and modern Ukraine’s leadership. Through court rulings in Moscow, the Kremlin attempts to impose an image of Ukraine as a “Nazi state” on Poland to undermine the strategic partnership between the two countries.
Isolated incidents involving foreigners are presented as evidence of an inevitable social collapse and a threat to Poland's national security. Manipulators use emotionally charged reports of assaults and disrespect for state symbols to provoke hostility towards all refugees and migrants.
Ukrainian diplomats and officials are groundlessly branded as supporters of radical nationalism to discredit bilateral relations. This tactic aims to portray the modern Ukrainian state as the ideological heir to past conflicts, ignoring Kyiv's official policies. The goal is to deepen historical tensions between Warsaw and Kyiv by personalising ideological accusations.
Ukraine is accused of condoning the looting of Polish graves by “black diggers” while simultaneously honouring figures viewed in Poland as complicit in genocide. The manipulation aims to incite hostility through painful issues of historical memory and Ukraine’s alleged ingratitude for Polish aid.
Western liberal institutions and global corporations are cast as architects of a hidden dictatorship that surpasses the regimes of the past in its level of control. Modern legal norms and anti-fascist movements are portrayed as tools for suppressing objective truth and manipulating society through fear. Authors draw parallels between the current order and the Soviet past, attributing signs of ideological “rottenness” and total surveillance to the democratic world. Democratic values are branded as a project for the radical transformation of human nature.
Belarus is portrayed as a safe and morally resilient alternative to the “decaying” West, which is allegedly dominated by chaos and degradation. Through cultural events and religious discourse, the idea of “Slavic unity” under Minsk’s aegis is promoted to sow Polish distrust in their own state institutions.
Russian outlets exploit controversial statements by Western journalists to push the thesis that Europe’s “Nazi nature” remains unchanged in its desire to exterminate Russians. By appealing to the family histories of individuals and citing criticism from pro-Russian politicians, they frame the West as an aggressor merely using Ukraine to satisfy long-standing hatred.
Manipulative coverage of events in the Spanish enclave of Ceuta is used to promote the idea that the European Union has completely lost control of its borders. The messaging focuses on exaggerated arrival numbers and government helplessness to provoke panic regarding the security and stability of the entire continent.
Polish outlets linked to pro-Russian circles portray the presence of Ukrainians as a threat to national survival and security. By using “invasion” terminology and manipulatively interpreting citizenship statistics, they attempt to convince the audience of an inevitable demographic catastrophe.
Digital change, migration and energy prices are reduced to a single scheme by global forces, the United States and Israel against nations. A biblical image is presented as an explanation for technological development and government. The posts stretch events around Ceuta and the conflict with Iran into proof of a co-ordinated geopolitical game.
Russian propaganda constructs an image of the Russian Federation as a moral compass and a haven for the West’s “healthy forces,” contrasting this with Ukraine’s alleged “aggression.” Through manipulative videos and statements from loyal foreigners, it promotes the idea that there is no hostility toward ordinary Ukrainians, who are supposedly united with Russians by a shared culture and language.
Propaganda outlets inflate isolated statements by Ukrainian commentators to portray Kyiv as officially ready to launch military strikes against Poland. This manipulation combines accusations of “neo-Banderism” with claims that Polish military aid will eventually be turned against Warsaw itself.
The Polish state is accused of involving children in military programmes, which is portrayed as a dangerous militarisation of society. Simultaneously, the narrative promotes the idea of the UN's financial and functional collapse to undermine trust in the international legal order.
Russian officials and media outlets are promoting the idea of transferring Western Ukrainian lands to Poland, Hungary, and Romania after the war. This rhetoric frames the dismemberment of Ukraine as historical justice and a “correction” of Stalin’s decisions, attempting to tempt Polish society with the prospect of border expansion.
The tragic events in Volyn are presented as an insurmountable obstacle to Polish-Ukrainian cooperation in order to undermine trust in Kyiv and the current government in Warsaw. Manipulators use painful details of exhumations to devalue diplomatic efforts and sow doubt about the sincerity of the Ukrainian side.
European government measures regarding online child safety and migration policy are cast as an assault on privacy and civil liberties. Propaganda outlets inflate fears over the loss of personal sovereignty, contrasting the “authoritarian” West with idealised countries that supposedly do not interfere in citizens' affairs.